PHYS PHYS-1 Metaphysics Everything is physical. Axiom SEP: Physicalism (opening definition) https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/physicalism/ Core Extracted from SEP opening; see E-013. PHYS PHYS-2 Metaphysics All facts supervene on physical facts (no duplicate physical without duplicate simpliciter). LogicalConsequence SEP: Physicalism sec 2.1 (Supervenience physicalism) https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/physicalism/#SupeNecePhys Variant A common modal formulation; see E-014. BUD BUD-1 Soteriology Liberation from suffering is the central aim; doctrinal claims serve that aim. Doctrine SEP: Buddha (opening summary) https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/buddha/ Core From SEP Buddha opening; see E-015. BUD BUD-2 Metaphysics There is no permanent, independent self. Doctrine SEP: Buddha sec 3 (Non-Self) https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/buddha/#NonSelf Core Argument structures given; see E-016. AVED AVED-1 Metaphysics Ultimate reality is non-dual (Brahman); multiplicity is derivative relative to it. Doctrine IEP: Advaita Vedanta (overview paragraph) https://iep.utm.edu/advaita/ Core Used for A1.1/A1.2 disputes; see E-009/E-010. ANAT ANAT-1 Metaphysics Reality is exhausted by nature; there are no supernatural entities. Axiom SEP: Atheistic Naturalism - Naturalism https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/naturalism/ Core Extracted from Atheistic_Naturalism.md; EvidenceExtract: E-017 ANAT ANAT-2 Epistemology/Method The scientific method has broad authority for investigating reality, including the “human spirit”. Axiom SEP: Atheistic Naturalism - Naturalism https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/naturalism/ Variant Extracted from Atheistic_Naturalism.md; EvidenceExtract: E-018 ANAT ANAT-3 Metaphysics All spatiotemporal entities are identical to, or metaphysically constituted by, physical entities; special domains add nothing over physical arrangements. Axiom SEP: Atheistic Naturalism - Naturalism https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/naturalism/ Contested Extracted from Atheistic_Naturalism.md; EvidenceExtract: E-019 CTHE CTHE-1 Comparative Metaphysics Multiple traditions name “the ultimate” (e.g., Brahman, Dao, emptiness, God), but “ultimacy” is difficult to define across contexts. Axiom SEP: God and Other Ultimates - 1. Conceptual Foundations and Motivations https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/god-ultimates/ Core Extracted from Classical_Theism.md; EvidenceExtract: E-020 CTHE CTHE-2 Method Cross-cultural comparison of “ultimates” presupposes some shared core/family resemblance; this is disputed (particularism vs. comparativism). Axiom SEP: God and Other Ultimates https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/god-ultimates/ Variant Extracted from Classical_Theism.md; EvidenceExtract: E-021 CTHE CTHE-3 Method Any substantive definition of ultimacy risks cultural deformation; “ultimacy” may need to be a “properly vague” category to cover disparate instances. Axiom SEP: God and Other Ultimates - 1. Conceptual Foundations and Motivations https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/god-ultimates/ Contested Extracted from Classical_Theism.md; EvidenceExtract: E-022 DEISM DEISM-1 Epistemology/Theology “Natural religion”: core religious knowledge is inborn or can be acquired by reason. Axiom Britannica: Deism https://www.britannica.com/topic/deism Core Extracted from Deism.md; EvidenceExtract: E-023 DEISM DEISM-2 Epistemology Religious knowledge is rejected insofar as it depends on revelation or church teaching. Axiom Britannica: Deism https://www.britannica.com/topic/deism Variant Extracted from Deism.md; EvidenceExtract: E-024 DEISM DEISM-3 Theology God’s role is primarily creation in accordance with rational laws; after creation, God does not (or rarely) intervene in nature/human affairs (as contrasted with theism). Axiom Britannica: Deism https://www.britannica.com/topic/deism Contested Extracted from Deism.md; EvidenceExtract: E-025 HDET HDET-1 Metaphysics/Causality Every event is necessitated by antecedent events/conditions together with the laws of nature (causal determinism). Axiom SEP: Determinism Hard - Causal Determinism https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/determinism-causal/ Core Extracted from Determinism_Hard.md; EvidenceExtract: E-026 HDET HDET-2 Metaphysics Given a complete state of the world at time t and the laws of nature, the future is fixed as a matter of natural law. Axiom SEP: Determinism Hard - Causal Determinism https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/determinism-causal/ Variant Extracted from Determinism_Hard.md; EvidenceExtract: E-027 HDET HDET-3 Method Determinism must be distinguished from “predictability” and from “fate”; conflating them produces definition errors. Axiom SEP: Determinism Hard https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/determinism-causal/ Contested Extracted from Determinism_Hard.md; EvidenceExtract: E-028 DUAL DUAL-1 Metaphysics Mind and body (the mental and the physical) are fundamentally different kinds of things. Axiom SEP: Dualism Cartesian - Dualism https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/dualism/ Core Extracted from Dualism_Cartesian.md; EvidenceExtract: E-029 DUAL DUAL-2 Causality Mental and physical events causally influence each other (interactionism). Axiom SEP: Dualism Cartesian - Dualism https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/dualism/ Variant Extracted from Dualism_Cartesian.md; EvidenceExtract: E-030 DUAL DUAL-3 Contrast claim Materialism/physicalism identifies mind with the physical; dualism rejects this identification. Axiom SEP: Dualism Cartesian - Dualism https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/dualism/ Contested Extracted from Dualism_Cartesian.md; EvidenceExtract: E-031 ELIM ELIM-1 Philosophy of mind Common-sense “mental processes/states” may not exist as folk psychology conceives them. Axiom SEP: Eliminative Materialism https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/materialism-eliminative/ Core Extracted from Eliminative_Materialism.md; EvidenceExtract: E-032 ELIM ELIM-2 Semantics Some mental state terms may turn out to be empty (they refer to nothing that exists). Axiom SEP: Eliminative Materialism https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/materialism-eliminative/ Variant Extracted from Eliminative_Materialism.md; EvidenceExtract: E-033 ELIM ELIM-3 Method Folk psychology posits mental states to explain behavior; eliminativism treats this framework as a theory candidate that can be replaced/eliminated. Axiom SEP: Eliminative Materialism https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/materialism-eliminative/ Contested Extracted from Eliminative_Materialism.md; EvidenceExtract: E-034 EMERG EMERG-1 Metaphysics Some higher-level properties have fundamental higher-level causal powers and are not exhaustively reducible to lower-level physics. Axiom SEP: Emergentism - Emergent Properties https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/properties-emergent/ Core Extracted from Emergentism.md; EvidenceExtract: E-035 EMERG EMERG-2 Metaphysics Emergence involves fundamental but lawlike novelty in observable physical patterns through time. Axiom SEP: Emergentism - Emergent Properties https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/properties-emergent/ Variant Extracted from Emergentism.md; EvidenceExtract: E-036 EMERG EMERG-3 Causality Many emergence theses interact with (or deny) “causal closure of the physical”. Axiom SEP: Emergentism - 1. Introduction https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/properties-emergent/ Contested Extracted from Emergentism.md; EvidenceExtract: E-037 EPI EPI-1 Causality Mental events are caused by brain events, but have no effects on physical events. Axiom SEP: Epiphenomenalism https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/epiphenomenalism/ Core Extracted from Epiphenomenalism.md; EvidenceExtract: E-038 EPI EPI-2 Metaphysics/Causality If physical events always have sufficient physical causes, then distinct (non-physical) mental causes would violate physical law. Axiom SEP: Epiphenomenalism https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/epiphenomenalism/ Variant Extracted from Epiphenomenalism.md; EvidenceExtract: E-039 EPI EPI-3 Method Any account that keeps mental causes alongside sufficient physical causes risks redundancy and an epistemology where mental causes are never needed. Axiom SEP: Epiphenomenalism https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/epiphenomenalism/ Contested Extracted from Epiphenomenalism.md; EvidenceExtract: E-040 EXIST EXIST-1 Ethics There is no external moral order or a priori “table of values” that determines moral choice. Axiom SEP: Existentialism https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/existentialism/ Core Extracted from Existentialism.md; EvidenceExtract: E-041 EXIST EXIST-2 Metaphysics/Meaning If God/moral absolutes are absent, existence is exposed as lacking objective meaning or aim (a common existentialist diagnosis). Axiom SEP: Existentialism https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/existentialism/ Variant Extracted from Existentialism.md; EvidenceExtract: E-042 EXIST EXIST-3 Agency Even under ambiguity, human projects can be meaningful by choice/commitment rather than external guarantees. Axiom SEP: Existentialism https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/existentialism/ Contested Extracted from Existentialism.md; EvidenceExtract: E-043 FUNC FUNC-1 Philosophy of mind Mental state terms need not be meaning-equivalent to physical descriptions; functionalists aim to preserve mental vocabulary without treating it as irreducibly non-physical. Axiom SEP: Functionalism - 1. What is Functionalism? https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/functionalism/ Core Extracted from Functionalism.md; EvidenceExtract: E-044 FUNC FUNC-2 Method Reduction strategies often trade off meaning preservation versus theoretical/ontological simplicity. Axiom SEP: Functionalism https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/functionalism/ Variant Extracted from Functionalism.md; EvidenceExtract: E-045 FUNC FUNC-3 Epistemology Qualitative/phenomenal aspects pose special epistemological problems for functionalist reductions. Axiom SEP: Functionalism - 1. What is Functionalism? https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/functionalism/ Contested Extracted from Functionalism.md; EvidenceExtract: E-046 IDEAL IDEAL-1 Metaphysics Time/the A-series generates contradictions in certain analyses (a driver for some idealist positions about time). Axiom SEP: Idealism https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/idealism/ Core Extracted from Idealism.md; EvidenceExtract: E-047 IDEAL IDEAL-2 Metaphysics Something mental is the ultimate foundation of reality, or even exhaustive of reality (core idealist commitment). Axiom SEP: Idealism https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/idealism/ Variant Extracted from Idealism.md; EvidenceExtract: E-048 IDEAL IDEAL-3 Metaphilosophy Idealism often targets the perceived opposition between thinking and being (mind vs. world) as requiring reconciliation. Axiom SEP: Idealism - 1. Introduction https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/idealism/ Contested Extracted from Idealism.md; EvidenceExtract: E-049 NMON NMON-1 Metaphysics The basic entities are neither mental nor physical; “mental” and “physical” are ways of construing one neutral basis. Axiom SEP: Neutral Monism https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/neutral-monism/ Core Extracted from Neutral_Monism.md; EvidenceExtract: E-050 NMON NMON-2 Metaphysics Mental facts depend on (supervene on) the physical (in many contemporary reconstructions). Axiom SEP: Neutral Monism https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/neutral-monism/ Variant Extracted from Neutral_Monism.md; EvidenceExtract: E-051 NMON NMON-3 Explanatory Neutral entities can offer an elegant solution to the mind-body problem by avoiding two-substance dualism. Axiom SEP: Neutral Monism https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/neutral-monism/ Contested Extracted from Neutral_Monism.md; EvidenceExtract: E-052 NIHIL NIHIL-1 Meaning/Value Life has no intrinsic meaning or value (existential nihilism). Axiom IEP: Nihilism https://iep.utm.edu/nihilism/ Core Extracted from Nihilism.md; EvidenceExtract: E-053 NIHIL NIHIL-2 Ethics/Value Some nihilist strands include active negation/destruction of inherited values (as in certain readings of Nietzsche). Axiom IEP: Nihilism - Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy https://iep.utm.edu/nihilism/ Variant Extracted from Nihilism.md; EvidenceExtract: E-054 NIHIL NIHIL-3 Epistemology/Normativity If all perspectives are equally non-binding, power/arrogance can determine precedence (a critique/implication often discussed). Axiom IEP: Nihilism - Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy https://iep.utm.edu/nihilism/ Contested Extracted from Nihilism.md; EvidenceExtract: E-055 PANEN PANEN-1 Theology/Metaphysics God and world are inter-related: the world is “in” God and God is “in” the world. Axiom SEP: Panentheism https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/panentheism/ Core Extracted from Panentheism.md; EvidenceExtract: E-056 PANEN PANEN-2 Theology Unlike (some) classical theism, panentheism affirms that the world can influence God. Axiom SEP: Panentheism https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/panentheism/ Variant Extracted from Panentheism.md; EvidenceExtract: E-057 PANEN PANEN-3 Theology Unlike pantheism, panentheism maintains a real non-divine identity/significance alongside divine presence. Axiom SEP: Panentheism https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/panentheism/ Contested Extracted from Panentheism.md; EvidenceExtract: E-058 PANP PANP-1 Metaphysics Mentality is fundamental and ubiquitous in the natural world. Axiom SEP: Panpsychism https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/panpsychism/ Core Extracted from Panpsychism.md; EvidenceExtract: E-059 PANP PANP-2 Explanatory Panpsychism is offered as a “middle way” between physicalism and dualism, aiming for a unified account of mind in nature. Axiom SEP: Panpsychism https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/panpsychism/ Variant Extracted from Panpsychism.md; EvidenceExtract: E-060 PANP PANP-3 Explanatory Panpsychism is motivated by dissatisfaction with dualism (interaction problem) and with physicalism (consciousness-emergence problem). Axiom SEP: Panpsychism https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/panpsychism/ Contested Extracted from Panpsychism.md; EvidenceExtract: E-061 PANTH PANTH-1 Theology/Metaphysics God is identified with the world (or the world as God’s body / God as world-mind, in some historical variants). Axiom SEP: Pantheism https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/pantheism/ Core Extracted from Pantheism.md; EvidenceExtract: E-062 PANTH PANTH-2 Theology Some pantheisms retain a distinction between God’s unknowable essence and manifest being. Axiom SEP: Pantheism https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/pantheism/ Variant Extracted from Pantheism.md; EvidenceExtract: E-063 PANTH PANTH-3 Metaphysics A recent variant (“logical pantheism”) identifies God with logical space / the totality of possible worlds. Axiom SEP: Pantheism https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/pantheism/ Contested Extracted from Pantheism.md; EvidenceExtract: E-064 PROC PROC-1 Metaphysics Being is dynamic; becoming/process is primary for a comprehensive account of reality. Axiom SEP: Process Philosophy https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/process-philosophy/ Core Extracted from Process_Philosophy.md; EvidenceExtract: E-065 PROC PROC-2 Metaphysics Substance metaphysics (static individuals/substances as primary) is rejected as a theoretical bias; processes are primary units. Axiom SEP: Process Philosophy https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/process-philosophy/ Variant Extracted from Process_Philosophy.md; EvidenceExtract: E-066 PROC PROC-3 Metaphysics Reality is an assembly of interacting processes across physical, organic, social, and cognitive levels. Axiom SEP: Process Philosophy https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/process-philosophy/ Contested Extracted from Process_Philosophy.md; EvidenceExtract: E-067