2. Dipolar Refers especially to God as having two basic aspects. Schelling identified these aspects as necessary and contingent. Whitehead referred to God’s primordial and consequent natures meaning that God has an eternal nature and a responsive nature. Whitehead understood all reality to be dipolar in that each event includes both physical and mental aspects in opposition to a mind-body dualism. Hartshorne identified these aspects as abstract and concrete. 3. Panpsychism In the most general description, panpsychism assumes that fundamental entities possess mental and physical properties (Göcke 2018, 208). Process panentheism and panpsychism are frequently connected although neither entails the other. The basis for the connection between panentheism and panpsychism is Whitehead’s concept that every actual occasion consists of a mental and physical pole. Whitehead understood this mental pole as always present, but Philip Clayton understands mentality as emergent (Clayton 2020b).Terms related to current scientific thought: 1. Research Program Drawing on scientific practice, a research program in philosophy involves central affirmations and auxiliary hypotheses which are consistent with available data. Consistency with data, rather than being either true or false, characterizes research programs (Clayton 2019).